POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 3
SoN: 3 problems
- Specificity of Natural Law
- Conflict Partiality
- Uncertainty of punishment
Civil Society as a solution
- consent is crucial
- we are free and equal, any authorithy must be consentual
- Social laws must be based on Natural Laws, obedience must be consensual
- consent: imagining ourselves in SoN and realize its problems, then consenting to some arbiter of conflict
2 forms of consent:
1. Express Consent: leaving SoN
2. Tacit Consent: future generations
- by entering a society you consent to it to some extent
individuals have property, the state has jurisdiction
- German consent can extend to Belgium, via individuals consenting to the German CS/SC
PITKEN: Locke without consent, following NL is sufficient
SIMMONS: consent is the bedrock of Locke
- for Simmons the state should have SoN zones for people who refuse to consent [no more Tacit Consent]
WARLDEN: we must be able to withdraw consent freely
Against Political Absolutism (Hobbs): autocracy is worse than SoN, rulers must be bound by certain laws
Private Property: if a man has transformed smt by labour, it is now beyond common property and must be private
- labour theory of value: labour composes most of a thing’s value
- apple tree: common prop.; apple tree I’ve taken care of: private prop.
- a better life when you’re the source of your own property
- enough must be left for others
[Private property is derived from my right to self-preservation]
LEA YPI: Locke for and against colonialism (natives own land if they’ve introduced labour into it)
Right to Revolution: Locke justifies the Glorious Revolution
- tyranny and loss of consent go together, revolution can be justified
Slavery is acceptable as an alternative to capital punishment
- the unjust party of a just war can be killed or enslaved
- God gives up ownership once a man has transgressed NL